荜茇
中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: *Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition) *
荜茇BiboPiperis Longi FructusLong Pepper Fruit
概述 Overview
本品为胡椒科植物荜茇Piper longum L.的干燥近成熟或成熟果穗。果穗由绿变黑时采收，除去杂质，晒干。
Long Pepper Fruit is the dried nearly ripe or ripe fruit spike of Piper longum L. (Fam. Piperaceae). The fruit spike is collected when it turns from green to black, removed from impurities, and dried in the sun.
性状 Description
本品呈圆柱形，稍弯曲，由多数小浆果集合而成，长1.5～3.5 cm，直径0.3～0.5 cm。表面黑褐色或棕色，有斜向排列整齐的小突起，基部有果穗梗残存或脱落。质硬而脆，易折断，断面不整齐，颗粒状。小浆果球形，直径约0.1 cm。有特异香气，味辛辣。
Fruits cylindrical, slightly curved, consisting of numerous small berries, 1.5-3.5 cm long, 0.3-0.5 cm in diameter; surface blackish-brown or brown, with small, obliquely arranged, neat protuberances; base with remnants of fruit stalk or detached. Texture hard and brittle, easily broken; fractured surface uneven, granular. Small berries spherical, about 0.1 cm in diameter. Odour, distinctive; taste, pungent.
鉴别 Identification
（1）本品粉末灰褐色。石细胞类圆形、长卵形或多角形，直径25～61 μm，长至170 μm，壁较厚，有的层纹明显。油细胞类圆形，直径25～66 μm。内果皮细胞表面观呈长多角形，垂周壁不规则连珠状增厚，常与棕色种皮细胞连结。种皮细胞红棕色，表面观呈长多角形。淀粉粒细小，常聚集成团块。
（1）The powder is grayish-brown. Stone cells are circular, elongated-ovate, or polygonal, with a diameter of 25-61 μm and a length of up to 170 μm. The wall is thick, and some have distinct layers. Oil cells are circular, with a diameter of 25-66 μm. The surface of the inner fruit peel cells appears elongated and polygonal, with irregularly connected thickened walls, often connected to brown seed coat cells. The seed coat cells are reddish-brown and appear elongated and polygonal on the surface. Starch granules are small and often aggregated into clusters.
（2）取本品粉末少量，加硫酸1滴，显鲜红色，渐变红棕色，后转棕褐色。
（2）Take a small amount of the powder, add 1 drop of sulfuric acid, it shows bright red color, gradually changes to reddish-brown, and then turns brown.
（3）取本品粉末0.8 g，加无水乙醇5 ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取胡椒碱对照品，置棕色量瓶中，加无水乙醇制成每1 ml含4 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-丙酮（7：2：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的蓝色荧光斑点；喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，加热至斑点显色清晰，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的褐黄色斑点。
（3）Take 0.8 g of the powder, add 5 ml of anhydrous ethanol, ultrasonicate for 30 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Take the piperine reference substance, place it in a brown volumetric flask, and add anhydrous ethanol to make a solution containing 4 mg per ml as the reference solution. Perform the thin-layer chromatography test according to the method specified in <0502> of the General Rules, take 2 μl of each of the above two solutions, spot them separately on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use toluene-ethyl acetate-acetone (7: 2: 1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. In the chromatogram of the test solution, there are blue fluorescent spots in the corresponding positions as in the chromatogram of the reference solution; spray with a 10% sulfuric acid-ethanol solution, heat until the spots are clearly colored, and there are brownish-yellow spots in the corresponding positions as in the chromatogram of the reference solution.
检查 Examination
杂质 Impurities
不得过3%（通则2301）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2301>.
水分 Water
不得过11.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 11.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.
总灰分 Total ash
不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.
含量测定 Assay
照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水（77∶23）为流动相；检测波长343 nm。理论板数按胡椒碱峰计算应不低于1500。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-water (77: 23) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 343 nm. The theoretical number of plates calculated based on the piperine peak should not be less than 1500.
对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution
取胡椒碱对照品适量，精密称定，置棕色量瓶中，加无水乙醇制成每1 ml含20 μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of piperine reference substance, accurately weigh it, place it in a brown volumetric flask, and add anhydrous ethanol to make a solution containing 20 μg per ml.
供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution
取本品中粉约0.1 g，精密称定，置50 ml棕色量瓶中，加无水乙醇40 ml，超声处理（功率250 W，频率20 kHz）30分钟，放冷，加无水乙醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液10 ml，置25 ml棕色量瓶中，加无水乙醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.1 g of the powder, accurately weigh it, place it in a 50 ml brown volumetric flask, add 40 ml of anhydrous ethanol, ultrasonicate (power 250 W, frequency 20 kHz) for 30 minutes, let it cool, add anhydrous ethanol to the mark, shake well, filter, accurately take 10 ml of the filtrate, place it in a 25 ml brown volumetric flask, add anhydrous ethanol to the mark, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.
测定法 Assay method
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately aspirate 10 μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine the content.
含量 Content
本品按干燥品计算，含胡椒碱（C17H19NO3）不得少于2.5%。
Calculated on the dried basis, the content of piperine (C17H19NO3) should not be less than 2.5%.
饮片 Prepared slices
荜茇 Long Pepper
炮制 Processing
除去杂质。用时捣碎。
Eliminate impurities. Crush before use.
性 Property
热。
Hot.
味 Flavor
辛。
Pungent.
归经 Meridian tropism
归胃、大肠经。
Stomach and large intestine meridians.
功能 Actions
温中散寒，下气止痛。
To warm the middle and dispel cold, descend qi and relieve pain.
主治 Indications
用于脘腹冷痛，呕吐，泄泻，寒凝气滞，胸痹心痛，头痛，牙痛。
Used for cold pain in the epigastrium and abdomen, vomiting, diarrhea, cold congealing and qi stagnation, chest bi syndrome with heart pain, headache, and toothache.
用量 Dosage
1～3 g。外用适量。
1-3 g. For external use, use an appropriate amount.
用法 ｜ Administration
研末塞龋齿孔中。
Fill the carious cavity with the powder.
贮藏 Storage
置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect against moth.